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By Abdulaziz Ali - Medically reviewed by Prof. Akif Ozdamar, on Apr 27, 2023

Corneal transplant surgery or corneal transplantation is not recommended for patients which can get the same results through other types of less invasive treatment. Patients need to have a thorough eye examination with an ophthalmologist before the corneal transplant surgery.

The patient should also have a physical examination, blood tests, EKG, and X-rays done before the corneal transplantation procedure. Corneal transplant surgery is usually done under general anesthesia but local anesthesia with IV sedation may also be used.

Types of Corneal Transplant 

Penetrating keratoplasty surgery – full corneal transplant

Once the anesthesia kicks in, the surgeon uses a circular cutting device to remove the cornea from the donor. Another circular cutting device is used to remove the patient’s cornea as well. Once that is done, the cornea is sewn in place with very small sutures. Antibiotic eye drops are then used in order to reduce the risk of infection.

Lamellar keratoplasty surgery – partial corneal transplant

Several techniques can be used while performing lamellar keratoplasty surgery. The only difference is that diseased layers of the cornea are replaced and healthy layers are left in place.

What To Expect After The Procedure? 

Once the corneal transplantation procedure is over, the patient will spend some time in the hospital in order to recover.
Antibiotics in the form of eye drops are used for a few weeks after the corneal transplant procedure. Corticosteroids are also used for a few months after the corneal transplantation procedure is done.

Patients will be required to wear sunglasses, glasses, or eye shields in order to protect the eye from any trauma.

Corneal Transplantation Risks And Complications

  • Bleeding
  • Scarring
  • Cataract formation
  • Retinal detachment
  • Infection
  • Other vision problems

Corneal transplant surgery side effects include:

  • Inflammation in the eyes region
  • Itchiness in the eyes region
  • Pain and discomfort
  • Dry eyes

Cornea Grafting Success Rate

Corneal transplantation reviews set the average success rate between 70 and 89%, depending on the problems the patient is facing. It takes around 18 months for the patient to achieve full visual potential after the corneal transplant surgery.

Some patients may also wear rigid contact lenses after the corneal transplantation procedure. The patient’s sight will slowly improve over the course of 12 to 18 months.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) 

What is the chance of developing rejection symptoms after a corneal transplant?

It usually happens in less than 20% of cases.

Are there any alternatives to corneal transplant surgery?

Yes, a few – including contact lenses.

Are there any alternatives to using a cornea from a deceased individual?

Yes, artificial corneas are also available.